The UK government’s Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has launched a human biomonitoring study which is aimed at improving understanding on the levels of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - often referred to as ‘forever chemicals’, present in the human population. Other substances such as lead, arsenic and flame retardants will also be monitored.
PFAS compounds have found widespread use in a range applications from non-stick coatings through to food packaging and firefighting foam. But concerns have been raised about their impact on the environment and human health due their persistent nature. “Forever chemicals represent one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time,” the UK government said earlier this year.
The human biomonitoring study will involve analysing blood and urine samples collected through the existing Health Survey England to understand what substances may be present in the population and at what levels. As well as helping to establish typical background levels of PFAS exposure in the UK and contributing to the wider evidence base, the biomonitoring work will also support a clearer understanding on the implications for human health.
Alongside monitoring for PFAS, the samples will also be analysed for levels of lead, arsenic, bisphenols, phthalates and flame retardants. Initial findings from UKHSA’s biomonitoring programme are expected in 2027, which will help build a clearer picture of baseline exposures across the UK population.
Dr Edward Wynne-Evans, director of radiation, chemicals, climate and environmental hazards at UKHSA, said: “While PFAS can be detected in people, there remain important evidence gaps around what different levels of exposure mean for an individual’s long-term health. Our work is focused on helping to address those questions through research, biomonitoring and evidence reviews.”
Wynne-Evans added: “The evidence available to date suggests that any health effects are likely to be limited. The strongest evidence from across the globe currently relates to possible associations with raised cholesterol and potentially lower birth weight, but further work is required to better understand these findings and their significance.”
Alongside UKHSA’s work, the independent Committee on Toxicity is carrying out a detailed review of the available evidence on PFAS and health effects. UKHSA is also working closely with international partners, including organisations across Europe, to monitor emerging evidence and strengthen understanding of potential risks.
In September 2026, the UKHSA released a research document: The health impacts from industrial sources of PFAS. This document provides a review of the available evidence regarding the potential adverse health outcomes, arising from chronic (long term) exposure to PFAS.
Earlier this year the UK government set out a framework for measuring the impact PFAS. This framework was described as the UK’s “first ever plan to tackle forever chemicals.” It encompasses “coordinated action that will be undertaken by governments, businesses and regulators to understand where these chemicals are coming from, how they spread and how to reduce public and environmental exposure,” the government said.
Responding to the launch of the biomonitoring study, chair of the Environmental Audit Committee, Toby Perkins MP, said he was pleased to see the announcement. "Earlier this year, my committee recommended the government invest in long-term research on the health impacts of PFAS chemicals, and this is an important first step.”
Further reading:
- PFAS: New plan to protect environment from 'forever chemicals' risk
- PFAS: Europe updates its proposals for restricting 'forever chemicals'
- PFAS: Gut microbes could protect against forever chemicals, say scientists
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